high speed steel types
High speed steel (HSS) represents a versatile class of tool steel characterized by exceptional hardness, wear resistance, and heat resistance capabilities. These specialized alloys contain varying proportions of tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt, creating distinct types suited for different applications. The primary HSS varieties include M series (Molybdenum-based) and T series (Tungsten-based), each offering unique performance characteristics. M2 HSS, the most widely used type, provides excellent balance between hardness and toughness, while M35 offers enhanced wear resistance through additional cobalt content. T1 steel, containing high tungsten content, demonstrates superior hot hardness and wear resistance. These materials maintain their cutting edge and structural integrity at temperatures up to 600°C, making them ideal for high-speed cutting operations. Modern HSS types feature advanced manufacturing processes, including powder metallurgy techniques, which result in more uniform carbide distribution and improved performance characteristics. Their application spans across various industries, from manufacturing cutting tools like drill bits, end mills, and saw blades to forming dies and specialized industrial machinery components.